Reviewing the literature

Systematic reviews are conducted to gather research evidence that will answer a very specific research question (Chandler et al., 2021; Munn et al., 2018). 

Purpose:

• A quantitative systematic review investigates the effectiveness of a clinical intervention or treatment (Tricco et al., 2011)
• A qualitative systematic review tries to understand the complexity of an intervention, various contexts, implementation of interventions, and participant views and experiences (Noyes et al., 2021)
• Identifying and including international research
• Evaluate current practice to ensure that it is based on research evidence, or investigate variations of practice
• Identify areas of future research
• Investigate conflicting research results
• Write guidelines that will support decision making (Aromataris & Pearson, 2014; Munn et al., 2018)

Process for conducting a systematic review:

• Develop clear research objectives and question/s
• Set inclusion and exclusion criteria for eligible studies in a protocol
• Conduct an exhaustive search to identify relevant studies (published and unpublished)
• Screen and select eligible studies
• Appraise results for quality and bias including the validity of results and conclusions. Report any studies excluded.
• Analyse data
• Synthesise and present results
• Interpret results in relation to practice and research
• Transparent articulation of methodology and methods used during the review (Aromataris & Pearson, 2014; Munn et al., 2018)

Conducting a systematic review is costly in terms of time, staffing, and commitment so always check to see if your topic has already been reviewed.